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Subject–auxiliary inversion (also called subject–operator inversion) is a frequently occurring type of inversion in English, whereby a finite auxiliary verb – taken here to include finite forms of the copula ''be'' – appears to "invert" (change places) with the subject.〔For accounts and discussion of subject-auxiliary inversion, see for instance Quirk and Greenbaum (1979:63), Radford (1988:32f.), Downing and Locke (1992:22f.), Ouhalla (1994:62ff.).〕 The word order is therefore Aux-S (auxiliary–subject), which is the opposite of the canonical SV (subject–verb) order of declarative clauses in English. The most frequent use of subject–auxiliary inversion in English is in the formation of questions, although it also has other uses, including the formation of condition clauses, and in the syntax of sentences beginning with negative expressions (negative inversion). In certain types of English sentences, inversion is also possible with verbs other than auxiliaries; these are described in the article on subject-verb inversion. ==Overview== Subject–auxiliary inversion involves placing the subject after a finite auxiliary verb,〔Concerning the obligatory status of the verb that undergoes inversion as an auxiliary, see Radford (1988:149f.).〕 rather than before it as is the case in typical declarative sentences (the canonical word order of English being subject–verb–object). The auxiliary verbs which may participate in such inversion (e.g. ''is'', ''can'', ''have'', ''will'', etc.) are described at English auxiliaries and contractions. Note that forms of the verb ''be'' are included regardless of whether or not they function as auxiliaries in the sense of governing another verb form. (For exceptions to this restriction, see below.) A typical example of subject–auxiliary inversion is given below. ::a. Sam has read the paper. ::b. Has Sam read the paper? Here the subject is ''Sam'', and the verb ''has'' is an auxiliary. In the question, these two elements change places (invert). If the sentence does not have an auxiliary verb, this type of simple inversion is not possible. Instead, an auxiliary must be introduced into the sentence in order to allow inversion:〔Concerning ''do''-support, see for instance Bach (1974:94), Greenbaum and Quirk (1990:232), Ouhalla (1994:62ff.).〕 ::a. Sam enjoys the paper. ::b. *Enjoys Sam the paper? ::c. Does Sam enjoy the paper? For details of the use of ''do'', ''did'' and ''does'' for this and similar purposes, see ''do''-support. For exceptions to the principle that the inverted verb must be an auxiliary, see below. It is also possible for the subject to invert with a negative contraction (''can't'', ''isn't'', etc.). For example: ::a. He isn't nice. ::b. Isn't he nice? Compare this with the uncontracted form ''Is he not nice?'' and the archaic ''Is not he nice?''). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Subject–auxiliary inversion」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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